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The elevated levels of intracellular
2024-06-26
The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as reduced glutathione (GSH) are normally oberserved is various tumor Furosemide which confers the chemoresistant to chemotherapy [59]. Therefore, the induction of oxidative stress via elevation of intracellular ROS and dimunition of intracellul
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To enhance the accuracy of SEs in eliminating cancer
2024-06-26
To enhance the accuracy of SEs in eliminating cancer cells, the mAb recognized by specific A-366 on tumor cells were fused with SEs. Fab C215 or C242 fused with SEA promoted apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells via Fas (Dohlsten et al., 1994, Litton et al., 1996). SEB-incorporated exosomes were
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br Introduction It is well known that when epithelial cells
2024-06-26
Introduction It is well known that when epithelial cells are deprived of anchorage, they undergo detachment-induced apoptosis, also known as anoikis. Cancer cells, by contrast, are able to suppress anoikis and survive under anchorage -independent conditions in the circulating system, which is tho
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AR is an enzyme involved in
2024-06-25
AR is an enzyme involved in conversion of glucose into sorbitol using NADPH as a cofactor [46]. This AR polyol pathway generates sorbitol accumulation and NADPH depletion. NADPH participates in detoxification via glutathione (GSH) reductase pathway [47]. Therefore, reduction of NADPH attenuates remo
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Introduction Aldose reductase ALR is the first enzyme of
2024-06-25
Introduction Aldose reductase (ALR2) is the first enzyme of the polyol pathway that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol utilizing NADPH as a cofactor. The intracellular accumulation of sorbitol, due to increased aldose reductase activity at high blood glucose levels, such as those occurr
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Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying
2024-06-25
Rising depolarization was observed during and decaying depolarization after the photostimulation (Fig. 1D). The slow decrease of the firing rate after photostimulation is also a remarkable characteristic of the striatal neuron (Figs. 1E, 2 and 3), since the cortex pyramidal neurons (data not shown)
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Regenerative mechanisms often require reemployment of
2024-06-25
Regenerative mechanisms often require reemployment of pathways used during development in the embryonic and postnatal periods (Waschek, 2002). PACAP has diverse neurodevelopmental and growth factor-like effects (Botia et al., 2007; Vaudry et al., 2009; Waschek, 2002; Watanabe et al., 2016) and it is
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br Occurrence of Inosine in RNA Inosine is
2024-06-25
Occurrence of Inosine in RNA Inosine is widespread among various types of RNAs including transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA). Within these RNAs, inosine can appear in different locations as well. Table 1 lists examples
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Plerixafor 8HCl False positivity of Anti AChR Ab titers due
2024-06-25
False positivity of Anti-AChR Ab titers, due to cross reactivity with bungarotoxin, has previously been demonstrated. One such study reported that patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, who had received long term snake venom therapy, had developed antibodies to bungarotoxin and hence demonstra
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br Conflict of interest statement br Benign prostatic hyperp
2024-06-25
Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal Nepafenac in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2 cellular com
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br Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is a highly
2024-06-25
Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is a highly specialized neuronal compartment that forms the basic unit of communication between neurons. Communication relies on electrical signals that are propagated down the axon of the presynaptic neuron, where they trigger the quantal release of neurotran
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br Introduction The vacuolar ATPases V ATPases are ATP drive
2024-06-25
Introduction The vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are ATP-driven proton pumps that play important roles in both normal and disease processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. V-ATPases within cells function in such processes as intracellular membrane traffic, protein processing and degradation, coupled transp
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br Transparency document br Acknowledgments This work has be
2024-06-25
Transparency document Acknowledgments This work has been supported by the National Eye Institute (NIH) Grant 5R01EY023315-02 (MA). This study was also supported in part by National Center for Research Resources Grant S10RR027926 for the lipid analysis and by James and Jean Culver Vision Discov
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(Z)-4-Hydroxytamoxifen Introduction the DNA damage response
2024-06-25
Introduction: the DNA damage response — important implications for tumour development and treatment Cells are invariably challenged by tens of thousands of lesions inflicted on their DNA everyday (Lindhal, 1993). This DNA damage can be caused exogenously by exposure to different types of radiation
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Concanamycin A receptor At the outset of targeting
2024-06-25
At the outset of targeting the two Gln756 side-chain rotamers, it was unclear which rotational isomer would lead to more potent ASK1 inhibitors. While such a preference might have been anticipated, the cohort of ASK1 inhibitors in Table 3 did not provide any guidance regarding which of the Gln756 am
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